Steel is then molded into sheets, blocks and other forms through continuous casting and hot rolling. Basic oxygen furnace bof steelmaking plays a key role in steel production. It is the primary method used for steel production worldwide. The main functions of the basic oxygen furnace bof are to decarburize and remove phosphorus from the hot metal, and to optimize the. There are six steps in the production of steel using the basic oxygen process. Utilization of basic oxygen furnace bof slag in the. Soudobeam proposes a new generation of oxygen blowing nozzles for ld linzdonawitz converters, designed and produced to provide increased reliability and optimal metallurgic performance. Recycling of basic oxygen furnace steelmaking dust by in. Oxygen is blown into the furnace vessel through a watercooled oxygen lance oxidizing carbon and the other unwanted elements in the molten iron. This is a recollection of how i kitbashed a basic oxygen furnace bof facility in ho scale back in 1997, starting with a pair of walthers electric furnace building kits and adding a large rectangular building in behind them.
The process is known as basic because fluxes of burnt lime or. Basic oxygen steelmaking also known as linzdonawitzsteelmaking or the oxygen converter process is a method of primary steelmaking in which carbon rich. In brief, eafs can be either ac or dc powered and they melt steel by applying current to a steel scrap charge. However, along with the steel production, basic oxygen furnaces also. The basic oxygen furnace bof is a refractorylined, tiltable converter into which a vertically movable, watercooled lance is inserted to blow oxygen through nozzles at supersonic velocity. Basic oxygen steelmaking bos makes steel from blast furnace iron and up to 20% of scrap metal. The basic oxygen steelmaking bos process converts hot metal, from blast furnace, and scrap into steel by exothermic oxidation of metalloids dissolved in the iron. In a fuelfired furnace, the atmosphere is a mixture of gases and air. More than half the worlds steel is produced in the basic oxygen process bop, which uses pure oxygen to convert a charge of liquid blastfurnace iron and scrap into steel. The hot spot phenomenon in basic oxygen furnace bof process, a manufacturing process of steel and iron and the rate of oxidation of iron. History of steel processing materials education matedu. Basic oxygen furnace kumas has detailed knowledge of the requirements of steelmaking industry.
In this case, the converter gas, which is generated by oxygen blowing process, is cleaned. The ratio between the height and diameter of the furnace is 1. Eafs range in capacity from a few tons to as many as 400 tons, and a steelmaking shop can have from one to five furnaces. The vessels are lined with heat resistant refractory materials eg. After charging, the furnace is blown by blasting oxygen through a lance that is lowered into the molten metal. We can help you optimize oxygen usage for your basic oxygen furnace operation and can provide you with the most economical mode of supply based on your consumption. The basic oxygen steel bos making process this can be described via the following steps. Considering the priceperformance optimization, our refractory experts gives customized engineering, design and supervisory services to our customers. Only 812% of the furnace volume is filled with the treated molten metal.
A basic oxygen furnace bof is the machinery used for purification of pig iron by oxidizing impurities into slag and converting the rest into molten steel with an injection of oxygen. This being a low end use, a study was conducted to examine the possibility of converting the slag into a hydraulic binder. May 10, 2018 a basic oxygen furnace is a pearshaped structure with a closed bottom and an open top that works to process steel. Model development for refining rates in oxygen steelmaking.
There are three main stages in the operation of the furnace. High purity oxygen is blown through the molten bath to lower carbon, silicon, manganese, and phosphorous content of the iron, while various fluxes are used to reduce the sulfur and phosphorous levels. Basic oxygen furnace bof steel making or basic oxygen furnace steelmaking bos or linzdonawitzverfahren steelmaking or the oxygen converter process is a method in which both molten pig iron and steel scrap are converted into steel with the oxidizing action of oxygen blown into the melt under a basic slag. Commonly known as bof, this type of furnace relies on pure oxygen, rather than air, to convert iron into steel. How steel is made using the basic oxygen steelmaking process. The resulting silica, iron oxide and maganese oxide react with fluxes charged into the vessel and the refractory lining of the furnace forming. Mar 07, 20 basic oxygen furnace for steel schematic which used after the blast furnace. Eaton engineers draw on the experience of industry leading names including hydrokraft, vickers, aeroquip, and waltersheid to create solutions that harness the. Blowing oxygen through molten pig iron lowers the carbon content of the alloy and changes it into steel. Scraps, direct reduced iron, pig iron, and additives are melted through highpower electric arcs formed between a cathode. Oxygen can be supplied from a dedicated plant located at or near your facility. The process uses as its major raw material, blast furnace iron, which will contain, to a. The pig iron is conveyed to the reduction oven or as we can also name it the basic oxygen furnace where pure oxygen is injected to reduce pig iron in steel. Along with the liquid iron that was produced in the blast furnace, recycled scrap steel is also added to the oxygen furnace.
Pure oxygen is then blasted into the furnace at supersonic speeds via an oxygen lance that is lowered from the top. Model railroader is the worlds largest magazine on model trains and model railroad layouts. Oxygen also combines with carbon, eliminating the impurities by gas collection. Thomas4 optical microscopy, total oxygen measurements and slime tests have been conducted to quantify. In a basic oxygen steelmaking converter, an oxygen jet of high velocity impinges on the surface of. Typical basic oxygen furnace has a vertical vessel lined with refractory lining. Basic oxygen steelmaking article about basic oxygen.
Iron contains impurities in the form of silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, and manganese. Jspl successfully completes basic oxygen furnace in odisha plant. Fire refining in this process, oxygen or air is added to the impure liquid metal. Measurement and monitoring of o2 concentrations in steel. Conclusions the paper researched the phenomenon of gaseous desiliconization in bof slagging by limestone.
The basic oxygen furnace bof is a refractorylined, tiltable converter into which a vertically movable, watercooled lance is inserted to blow oxygen through nozzles at. Oct 20, 20 the basic oxygen furnace the basic oxygen steelmaking process is the uks major method for making steel. Basic oxygen furnace model railroader magazine model. You can see a diagram and photograph of each step by rolling over the highlighted word. For the first time in india, jspl has deployed the innovative dry gas cleaning system, which is superior in terms of environmentfriendliness as compared to the wet gas cleaning plant. Basic oxygen steelmaking bos, bop, bof, or osm, also known as linzdonawitzsteelmaking or the oxygen converter process is a method of primary steelmaking in which carbonrich molten pig iron is made into steel. Dynamic modeling of the main blow in basic oxygen steelmaking. A basic oxygen furnace is a reactor in which oxygen is blown through molten pig iron that is heated to approximately 1,600. The basic oxygen furnace bof is a refractorylined, tiltable converter into which a vertically movable, watercooled lance is inserted to blow oxygen through nozzles at metallurgy. An introduction to the bof process bof basic oxygen furnaces or basic oxygen steelmaking contributes to the vast majority of world steel production. Primary steelmaking known as linzdonawitzverfahren steelmaking 28. Introduction the purpose of the basic oxygen steelmaking bos process is to refine the hot metal produced in the blast furnace into raw liquid steel, which may be subsequently refined in the secondary steelmaking shop.
My original intent was to suggest the presence of a bof mill, not to build a faithful replication of a prototype i. According to united states geological survey usgs and world steel association, in 20, basic oxygen furnaces produced 40% of the total steel in the united states and 70% of the total steel worldwide world steel association, 2014. The furnace needs no heating because the oxygen combines very exothermically with the impurity elements, carbon, silicon, manganese and phosphorus. Basic oxygen furnace lances definition of critical service the steelmaking industry has been a staple of the american economy for generations, and paramount in its role is the development and industrialization of our nation. Such furnaces may be topblown, bottom blown, or a combination of the two.
As oxygen is injected into a basic oxygen furnace, carbon, silicon,manganese and iron are oxidized a more complete description of b. Dmitri kopeliovich basic oxygen furnace bof is a steel making furnace, in which molten pig iron and steel scrap convert into steel due to oxidizing action of oxygen blown into the melt under a basic slag the basic oxygen process basic oxygen furnace, basic oxygen steelmaking, basic oxygen converter is the most powerful and effective steel making method. Data based modeling approach of iron and steelmaking. Jan 19, 2008 model railroader is the worlds largest magazine on model trains and model railroad layouts. Basic oxygen steelmaking bos is a primary steelmaking method in which the highcarbon molten pig iron is converted to steel. The oxygen steelmaking process converts the molten iron from the blast furnace with up to 30% steel scrap into refined steel. During each stage of the process the furnace is turned in different directions. The hot spot phenomenon in basic oxygen furnace bof process, a manufacturing process of steel and iron and the rate of oxidation of iron at high spots were analyzed. Scrap steel could also be incorporated such as seen in an electric arc furnace. Primary deoxidation of basic oxygen furnace steel by means. Basic oxygen furnace bof slag is a major waste product generated during the steelmaking process. Effects of ph on phosphorus removal capacities of basic.
The basic oxygen furnace the basic oxygen steelmaking process is the uks major method for making steel. Basic oxygen furnace based steelmaking processes and. Basic oxygen furnace based steelmaking processes and cleanliness control at baosteel l. Basic oxygen furnace bof steel making or basic oxygen furnace steelmaking bos or linzdonawitzverfahren steelmaking or the oxygen converter process is a method in which both molten pig iron and steel scrap are converted into steel with the oxidizing action of. Blowing oxygen through molten pig iron lowers the carbon content of the alloy and changes it into lowcarbon steel. Basic oxygen furnaces efficient, reliable, highcapacity eaton hydraulic systems are rapidly replacing heavy, maintenance intensive electromechanical components around the world. Basic oxygen furnace bof the basic oxygen furnace is the process in which a mixture of scrap 25 to 30 percent and hot metal 75 to 70 percent from the blast furnace is exposed to oxygen blown at a high velocity into the bath. Air combines with gases released by the fuels combustion resulting in various proportions of carbon monoxide co, carbon dioxide co. Steel slag, in particular, basic oxygen furnace slag bofsa byproduct in the steelmaking industryis an environmental challenge due both to the large volume of the material that is produced. In the electric arc furnace, steel is produced only through scrap fusion. An analysis of hot spot phenomenon in bof process request pdf. The reaction in the blast furnace creates a molten metal known as hot metal.
Basic oxygen furnace for steel schematic which used after the blast furnace. Or, we can supplement your existing supply with a bulk supply of liquid oxygen delivered by truck. The steel produced is chemically tested and may be further modified by the addition of alloys. The process is known as basic due to the chemical nature of the refractoriescalcium oxide and magnesium oxidethat line the vessel to withstand the high. Argon oxygen decarburization furnace steel slag aod duration. Modern furnaces will take a charge of up to 350 tonnes and convert it into steel in less than 40 minutes. Topic welding industry metallurgy basic oxygen steelmaking.
In india and in most industrial countries, the use of bof slag as a road ballast and land filler has had a very long history. This is shown clearly in the accompanying diagrams. Basic oxygen furnace bof is a steel making furnace, in which molten pig iron and steel scrap convert into steel due to oxidizing action of oxygen blown into the melt under a basic slag. After cooling from its molten state, steel slag is processed to remove all free metallics and sized into products. As the basic oxygen furnace shell is exposed to severe hightemperature conditions during use, its material experiences gradual degradation leading to thermal deformation and cracking that. The measurement of oxygen concentrations in the furnace is essential in this process. Mao et al investigation of gaseous desiliconization in basic oxygen furnace bof metalurgija 56 2017 12, 3739 moted through lowering the oxygen lances position, which will lead to lower mno % and a high hotspot temperature. Primary deoxidation of basic oxygen furnace steel by.
The scheme of a basic oxygen furnace bof is presented in the picture. Bulk oxygen displacement on a basis of per mole of deoxidant added, carbon would remove more oxygen than what aluminium could do, due to the lower molecular mass fraction of oxygen in the reaction product carbon monoxide co, compared to that in alumina al2o3. Basic oxygen furnace an overview sciencedirect topics. In addition to the in addition to the measurement techniques available to actual processes, some measurement. It is also known as the linzdonawitz steelmaking process or the oxygen conversion process. Energy and exergy analysis of a basic oxygen furnace. The process occurs in a furnace which is a specially designed steel vessel that may be rotated through 360 in a vertical plane. Our products are customdesigned and produced to meet the specific needs of each steelmaker. Blast furnace steelmaking uses iron ore, coke, and limestone in a blast furnace heated from the bottom with oxygen and air. A basic oxygen furnace is a pearshaped structure with a closed bottom and an open top that works to process steel. In an electric furnace, the atmosphere is either air or a controlled mixture of gases. In the control and optimization of basic oxygen steelmaking, it is.